Type setting an d j ustifyi ng machine



Patented July [2,898.

F A JOHNSON TYPE SETTING AND JUSTIFYING MACHINE.

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TYPE SETTING AND JUSTIFYING MACHINE.

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TYPE SETTING AND JUSTIFYING MACHINE.

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TYPE SETTING AND JUSTIFYING MACHINE.

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F. A. JOHNSON. TYPE SETTING AND .IUSTIFYING MACHINE.

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No. 607,047. Patented July l2, I898. F. A. JOHNSON.

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TYPE SETTING AND IUSTIFYING MACHINE.

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No. 607,047. Patentad July l2, I898.

F. A. JOHNSON.

TYPE SETTING AND JUSTIFYING MACHINE.

(Application filed May 25. 1897.)

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TYPE SETTING AND JUSTIFYING MACHINE.

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TYPE SETTING AND JUSTIFYING MACHINE.

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UNITED- STATES FRANK AMOS JOHNSON, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA,ASSIGNOR TO THE JOHNSON TYPESETTER'COMPANY, OF PORTLAND, MAINE.

TYPE SETTING AND JUISTIEY ING MACHINE.

srnc rIcATroN formingjpart ofIletters r am; v. eo7,o47, dated July 12,1898.

' Application filed May 25, 1897. Serial No. 638,116. (No model.)

To all whom it mag/concern} Be it known that I, FRANK AMos JOHNSON, acitizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county ofPhiladelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Type Setting and J ustifying Machines, of whichthe following is a specification.

This invention is a machine for setting and justifying lines of type andas'semblingthe linesin a galley. The machine comprises two distinctmechanisms, which are susceptible of being used independently, ifdesired. In the first mechanism type and temporary wordspaces areselected from'a magazine and assembled into lines, which lines areunjustified, being only approximately the desired length or measure. Thesecond mechanism receives the unjustified lines, measures them toascertain the correct width of the word-spaces necessary to justify thelines, prepares the word-spaces and inserts them in the lines in lieu ofthe temporary spaces, thus justifying the lines, and finally'depositsthe justified lines in the galley. The first mechanism may be termed thetype-assembling mechanism and the second mechanism the j ustifyingmechanism;

Type-assembling mechanism.The assemblin g mechanism, as shown, occupiesthe right half of the machine. In it there is a magazine having channelsfor the type and temporary spaces. The lower-case type are arranged inalternate channels, and adjacent to each lower-case channel is a channelfor the corresponding upper-case type. The ma chine is furnished with akeyboard quite similar to that of an ordinary type-writer. The keysnormally select lower-case type and set in motion mechanism which pushesthe selected type from the magazine onto typeways in front of themagazine. A shifting device, operated by an upper case or cap key,causes the same keys to select upper-case type. Each time a type isdelivered onto the ways a type-carrier which reciprocates along the waysconveys the type to the place where the type are assembled into linesatjthe left end of the ways, which place may be termed the stick. Theconnections between the keyboard and the magazine consist mainly ofkey-levers extending to the rear of the machine, vertical push-rodswhich are raised by the. key-levers, and type-ejecting plungers whichare brought into engagement with a 55 common reciprocating bar by meansof the push-rods. The reciprocating bar is operated by power, and itcarries the selectedtype ejectors forward to eject the type and thenrearward to their normal positions. The key-touch is very light, as theoperator is only required to select the type, the machine automaticallyperforming the work of ejecting the type and carrying it to the stick.These latter movements are imparted from an escape-shaft which isnormally at rest, but which is coupled to a constantly-running shaftduring a single revolution each time a key is depressed. Two or moretype may be selected at one time when the letters are arranged in propersequence in the magazine. When one or more keys are depressed, it isnecessary that the escape-shaft should complete'its revolution andrestore the parts to their normal positions before additional keys aredepressed. This is insured by proper interlocking mechanism whichcompels the operator to push down simultaneously all the keys selectedat one time and which prevents the operation of other keys until afterthe escape-shaft has completed its movement and the selected type havebeen carried" to the stick. These interlocking devices are to insuresafety and exactness in the operation of the machine; but they do notprevent the rapid assembling of the type for the reason that theescape-shaft revolves very quickly. The temporary spaces are preferablycontained in the left-hand channel of the magazine. They are slightlylonger than the type, and when assembled both ends project beyond-thetype in the line. This type-assembling mechanism will be described indetail hereinafter. Justtfi ing mechanism. The justifying mechanismautomatically removes the temporary spaces and cuts j ustifying-spacesfrom strips or bars of type-metal, herein termed space-timber, andinserts these j ustifyingspaces between the words of the lines in lieuof the temporary spaces. The assembled line is first moved bodily fromthe stick of the matter in the line.

assembling mechanism onto the typeways of the justifying mechanism andthen clamped between an abutment and a movable measurin g-head. Theposition assumed by the measuringhead is determined by the amount ofThis head is connected by a justifying-lever with a gage, whichdetermines the width of the final or justifying spaces, one end of thelever being pivoted to the gage and the other end in contact with aknife-edge, which moves with the head. Along the lever are a series offulcrums which are normally inoperative, one fulcrum being atthe middleof the lever, the next at onethird its length from the gage, the nextonefourth its length from the gage, &c. If there is one word'space inthe line, the middle fulcru n1 will be rendered operative and the gagewill be moved the same distance as the measuring-head, and the entireamount needed to justify the line will be supplied in a single space. Ifthere are two word-spaces in the line, the second fulcrum will berendered operative and the gage will be moved only 011ehalf as much asthe head, thus dividing the space to be filled into two parts, and soon. To simplify the drawings, only four fulcra are illustrated; but itwill be understood that any desired number may be used.

The gage is set once for each line and locked in place while the line isbeing justified. After the gage is locked the abutment is withdrawn andthe line is moved along the ways tothe left through the respacingmechanism proper. Each time the projecting ends of the temporary spaceengage this mechanism the line is stopped temporarily and parted, theportion to the right of the temporary space being moved backward, apiece of space-timher is moved against the gage and a justifying-spacecut from the end and inserted into the opening in the line, andsimultaneously the temporary space is removed. The line then movesforward to the left, and these operations are repeated each time atemporary space is presented to the respacing mechanism. After the lasttemporary space in the line has been replaced by a justifying-space theline is carried automatically to the left into position opposite agalley, into which it is automatically moved before the commencement ofthe respacing of the next succeeding line.

The assembling mechanism and the justif ying mechanism are practicallyindependent. As soon as the line is assembled a line-key is touched,which sets the justifying mechanism in operation, and the assembled lineis immediately moved from the assembling-stick into the justifier. Theoperator may then proceed at once with the succeeding line. Provision ismade for making corrections in the line before it is justified, and, ifdesired, the entire line may be removed or one or more lines of hand-settype may be inserted into the stick and transferred to the j ustifier.It is thus easy to supply odd type or characters which cannot beconveniently carried in the magazine. The lines maybe deposited in thegalleys either solid or leaded, an automatic leading device beingprovided.

The invention will now be described in cletail, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, in which-- Figure 1 is a perspective view ofthe ma chine. Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the keyboard on linea a, Fig. 10, illustrating the connection between the keys and thetype-ejectors. Fig. 3 is a perspective skeleton view of the means forselecting and assembling type, including the interlocking devices andthe escape-shaft. Fig. 4 is a detail of the device for shifting fromupper to lower case type. Fig. 5 is a left end view of the machine. Fig.6 is a perspective view of the magazine, illustrating the operation ofloading a channel with type. Fig. '7 is a vertical section through themagazine. Fig. 8 is a rear view of the hinge and latch of the uppersection of the magazine. Fig. 9 is a perspective skeleton view of partof the type-assembling mechanism and part of the justifying mechanism.Fig. 10 is a plan view of the left end of the machine, showing all ofthe justifying mechanism and a portion of the assembling mechanism, themagazine being in section. Fig. 11 is a front view of the middle portionof the machine. Fig. 12 is a rear view of the left end of the machine,illustrating the timbermagazine and other parts of the justifyingmechanism and part of the assembling mechanism. Fig. 13 is a verticalsectional view looking to the right from line Z) I), Fig. 10. Fig. 14 isan enlarged detail in section on line 0 0, Figs. 10 and 15, of themechanism for transferring lines from the stick to the justifier andalso illustrating the means for inspecting and correcting the type. Fig.15 is a detailed view in plan of the justifying-lever, the gage, thetimber, and associated devices. Fig. 16 is a plan View of the mechanismbelow the base-plate, parts being shown in section on the line d (Z,Figs. 17 and 18. Fig. 17 is a left end elevation of the machine, partsbeing broken away. Fig. 18 is a vertical section taken approximately onthe line 1) N, Fig. 10. Fig. 19 is an enlarged end elevation, partly insection, on line 6 e, Fig. 10, showing the mechanism for depositinglines in the galley. Fig. 20 is a view, partly in section on line ff,Fig. 10, illustrating the means for conveying the type through thejustifying mechanism. Fig.

21 is a view, partly in section on line g g, Fig. i

10, illustrating the operation of the timberfeeding mechanism, theknife, the brush for cleaning the knife, and associated parts. Fig. 22is a detail of the clutch for setting the escape-shaft in motion, andFig. 23 is asectional view illustrating the manner of assembling type onthe stick.

The various working parts of the machine are mounted upon a suitablebase-plate B. Below the base-plate is a hanger B, provided with severaldepending bearin gs, in which the main-movement shafts are hung. Poweris applied to the machine by means of a drivepulley H and belt h. Fromthe pulley H a second belt '6 extends to a pulley I upon the shaft whichdrives the type-assembling mechanism. The pulleys H and I are constantlyrotated during the operation of the machine. The main drive-pulley H ison a shaft D, and power is communicated from this shaft throughreducing-gears 7o K to the main shaft E. This shaft extends across themachine, being divided in the middle and connected through two cranksand a common crank-pin for a purpose which will be explainedhereinafter. An intermittent-movement shaftF has power communicated toit from the shaft E through gears 166 166 and a clutch L. Supported uponthe base-plate B is a box or frame A, in which the key-levers aremounted, and standards or brackets A A A A upon which most of the partsof the assembling or justifying mechanism are mounted.

Assembling mechanism.-The assembling mechanism is controlled from a bankof keys 1, connected to key-levers 2, which are fulcrumed in a support 3in a box A,which rests on the bed-plate B. Above the rear ends of thekey-levers is a universal bar 4, which is guided at its ends in groovesin key-box A. The universal bar is connected by rods 5 with elbow-levers6 on a rock-shaft '7, Figs. 2 and 3.

The rear ends of the key-levers are provided with locking-shoulders 8,in the rear of which is a pivoted locking-bar 9, extending across theentire series of key-levers. The bar 9 is pivoted at its lower edge andprovided at its upper edge with a flange 10. The upper edge of the baris connected by means of bars 11 with arms of the elbow-levers 6. Thekeys are normally raised by means of counterweights 12 on their rearends. Pins 13 near the rear ends of the levers operate throughelbow-levers 14 to raise two-part push-rods 15 15, which bring thetype-ejector-s16 into operation, as will be hereinafter described. Thelower portion 15 of the pushrods are vertically arranged in slottedguides 18 1'7, and the upper portions 15 move in slotted guides 18 19.The sections 15 are normally drawn forward and downward by springs 20.At their upper ends they stand normally under the rear ends of thelowercase-type ejectors, and they are provided with notches 21,whichengage with a ledge 22 and temporarily lock them in a raised positionwhen they are elevated.

The type 2f are arranged on their edges, nicks up, in suitable channelsin in a magazine M. The lower-case type are held in alternate channelsand the upper-case type are held in the channels adjacent to theirrespective lower-case type. There is a type-ejector 16 for eachtype-channel, which ejectors are ar ranged to slide in a slotted keeper23 at the rear of the magazine.

The upper and lower case letters are represented by a single set of keysand key-le- Vers and a corresponding set of push-rods 15. The uppersections 15 of the push-rods are movable laterally at their upper ends,so they can be shifted from their normal position under the lower-caseejectors to a position under the upper-case ejectors. The slots24 in theupper guide 19 permit the levers 15 to swing laterally from thelower-case to the uppercase type ejectors. As these typeejectors arespaced variably, depending upon the widths of the different type, theslots 24 are correspondingly varied. Beneath the guide 19 is a slottedshifting-bar 25, having slots 26 which vary in width. The movement givento the shifting-bar 25 is equal to the greatest throw of any of thepush-rods 15, and where the throw is required to be less than themaximum the slots 26 are of greater width and the slots 24 of less thanthe maximum width, Figs. 2, 3, and 4. A few of the characters are usedin both the upper and lower case and their corresponding push-rods 15are not shifted with the others. The shifting-bar 25 is operated by theupper arm of an elbow-lever 27, which is connected to the cap-key 29through key-lever 30 and connecting-rod 31. A depending leg 28,connected with the elbow-lever 27, stands normally to the right of apost 32 upon the universal bar 4, in which position it does notinterfere with the operation of the key-levers and the bar. When thecap-key is depressed, the leg 28 moves over the post 32 and assumes aposition on the left of it when the cap-key is fully depressed. Thisdevice insures the push-rods 15 being wholly under either the lower-caseor upper-case type ejectors when the type-levers are operated. In otherwords, a type-lever cannot be operated while the push-rods are beingshifted, Figs. 2 and 3. At the right end of the machine is aconstantly-running shaft 33, and in line with it is an escape-shaft 34,which is normally at rest and which is connected with the running shaft33 at intervals by means of a clutch 0.

Upon the end of shaft 33 is acrown ratchetwheel 407, and centrallypivoted on the adjacent end of escape-shaft 34 is a pawl 408, whichseeks engagement with the ratchetwheel, but is normally held out ofengagement by a cam-surface 409 upon a lever 410. When the lever israised, the pawl is freed and engages with the ratchet-wheel and theescape-shaft immediately begins to revolve. As the escape-shaft revolvesa cam 411 strikes an arm 412 of lever 410 and draws said lever down, sothat at the termination of a single revolution the pawl is thrown out ofengagement by the cam 409'and the escape-shaft permitted to stop. Toinsure the stoppage of the shaft at the proper point, an arm 413,attached to the shaft, strikes against a stop 414, carried by the arm410. The trippingarm 38, which raises the lever 410, is thrown out ofengagement with said lever by the cam

